Topic: Verbs: Perfect Tenses

 

Preview:

Q1: What is the past participle of ‘break’? – Day 1

Q2: How and when do we use ‘have broken’? – Day 2

Q3: What adverbs often appear in the present perfect tense?

How to form questions using the present perfect tense? – Day 3

Q4: What is the difference between ‘I broke it yesterday’ and ‘I have broken it’? – Day 4

 

This week, we are going to tell you the past participle of ‘break’ and many other verbs on Day 1; how and when to use the pattern ‘have broken’ on Day 2; the adverbs usually come with the present perfect tense and how to form questions using the present perfect tense on Day 3 and the difference between ‘I broke it yesterday’ and ‘I have broken it’ on Day 4.

在這個星期,我們會在Day 1學習 ‘break’ 和其他動詞的過去分詞;在Day 2 我們會學習怎樣與何時用 ‘have broken’ 這一類動詞形式;在Day 3 在現在完成式中常出現的副詞,以及怎樣組成現在完成式的問句;而在Day 4 我們會學習 ‘I broke it yesterday’ ‘I have broken it’ 的分別。

 

The perfect tenses form one of the most important parts in English tenses. The past participle is the basics of the perfect tenses. Studying the simple past and present perfect tenses not only helps you to understand the sentence meaning when you read, but also improves your writing skills. If you know how to use ‘broke’ and ‘have broken’ correctly, you can express your meaning more accurately.

Let’s start our study!

完成式是英語時態中其中一種最重要的部份,而過去分詞是完成式的基礎。學習基本過去式和現在完成式不但有助你閱讀時明白句字意思,更改善你的寫作技巧。假如你能正確運用 ‘broke’ ‘have broken’,你就可以更準確地表達你的意思。讓我們開始學習吧!

 

 

Day 1: Past Participles and Irregular Verbs Table

 

Q1: What is the past participle of ‘bring’?

We use the past participles of the verbs in perfect tenses. The verb after have/has/had is called the past participle.

我們在完成式中用動詞的過去分詞。在have/has/had 之後的動詞就是過去分詞。

·       I have lived in Hong Kong for ten years.

·       She had broken the window before I came.

In the above examples, lived and broken are past participles.

 

The past participles of regular verbs end in -ed. They are the same as their simple past tense forms. For regular verbs, we follow these spelling rules:

規則動詞的過去分詞以 -ed 結尾,與它們的過去式是一樣的。我們跟從以下的串法規則

 

·        Most verbs: Add -ed

e.g., visit à visited; talk à talked

·        Verbs ending in –e: Add -d

e.g., dance à danced; live à lived

·        Verbs ending in a vowel + consonant: Double the consonant and add -ed

e.g., stop à stopped; plan à planned

·        Verbs ending in a consonant +  -y: Change y to i and add -ed

e.g., try à tried; marry à married

 

There are many irregular verbs and their past participles do not end in -ed. There is no fixed pattern for them. You need to learn them by heart (see the table below). You can find a list of irregular verbs in most dictionaries.

不規則動詞的過去分詞不是 -ed 結尾。它們沒有固定形式,你需要熟讀它們(見下表)。你可在大多數字典中找到不規則動詞表。

 

 

Let’s see if you know the verb forms in the table.

Chinese Meaning of the Verbs

Base Form

Simple Past

Past Participle

1. /

be

was/were

been

2. 成為

become

became

become

3. 開始

begin

began

begun

4. 打破

break

broke

broken

5.

bring

brought

brought

6. 建立

build

built

built

7.

buy

bought

bought

8. 捉住

catch

caught

caught

9. 選擇

choose

chose

chosen

10. 來到

come

came

come

11. ;

cut

cut

cut

12.

do

did

done

13.

draw

drew

drawn

14.

drink

drank

drunk

15. 駕駛

drive

drove

driven

16.

eat

ate

eaten

17. 落下; 跌倒

fall

fell

fallen

18. 感覺

feel

felt

felt

19. 忘記

forget

forgot

forgotten

20. 得到

get

got

got

21. 給予

give

gave

given

22.

go

went

gone

23. 擁有

have

had

had

24. 聽到

hear

heard

heard

25. 握著/舉行

hold

held

held

26. 受傷

hurt

hurt

hurt

27. 保持

keep

kept

kept

28. 知道

know

knew

known

29. 學習

learn

learned, learnt

learned, learnt

30. 離開

leave

left

left

31. 允許;

let

let

let

32. 失去

lose

lost

lost

33. 製造

make

made

made

34. 遇到

meet

met

met

35. 付款

pay

paid

paid

36.

put

put

put

37. 閱讀

read

read

read

38. 升起

rise

rose

risen

39.

run

ran

run

40. 說話

say

said

said

41. 看見

see

saw

seen

42. 售賣

sell

sold

sold

43. 寄出

send

sent

sent

44. 設置

set

set

set

45. 展示

show

showed

shown

46. 關上

shut

shut

shut

47. 唱歌

sing

sang

sung

48. 坐下

sit

sat

sat

49. 睡覺

sleep

slept

slept

50. 說話

speak

spoke

spoken

51. 花費

spend

spent

spent

52. 站立

stand

stood

stood

53. 偷竊

steal

stole

stolen

54. 游泳

swim

swam

swum

55.

take

took

taken

56. 教導

teach

taught

taught

57. 告訴

tell

told

told

58. 思索

think

thought

thought

59. 投擲

throw

threw

thrown

60. 明白

understand

understood

understood

61. 醒來

wake

woke

woken

62. 穿著

wear

wore

worn

63. 獲勝

win

won

won

64. 書寫

write

wrote

written