Topic: Verbs: Perfect Tenses

Preview:

Q1: What is the past participle of ‘break’? – Day 1

Q2: How and when do we use ‘have broken’? – Day 2

Q3: What adverbs often appear in the present perfect tense?

How to form questions using the present perfect tense? – Day 3

Q4: What is the difference between ‘I broke it yesterday’ and ‘I have broken it’? – Day 4

This week, we are going to tell you the past participle of ‘break’ and many other verbs on Day 1; how and when to use the pattern ‘have broken’ on Day 2; the adverbs usually come with the present perfect tense and how to form questions using the present perfect tense on Day 3 and the difference between ‘I broke it yesterday’ and ‘I have broken it’ on Day 4.

在這個星期，我們會在Day 1學習 ‘break’ 和其他動詞的過去分詞；在Day 2 我們會學習怎樣與何時用 ‘have broken’ 這一類動詞形式；在Day 3 在現在完成式中常出現的副詞，以及怎樣組成現在完成式的問句；而在Day 4 我們會學習 ‘I broke it yesterday’ 和 ‘I have broken it’ 的分別。

The perfect tenses form one of the most important parts in English tenses. The past participle is the basics of the perfect tenses. Studying the simple past and present perfect　tenses not only helps you to understand the sentence meaning when you read, but also improves your writing skills. If you know how to use ‘broke’ and ‘have broken’ correctly, you can express your meaning more accurately.

Let’s start our study!

完成式是英語時態中其中一種最重要的部份，而過去分詞是完成式的基礎。學習基本過去式和現在完成式不但有助你閱讀時明白句字意思，更改善你的寫作技巧。假如你能正確運用 ‘broke’ 和 ‘have broken’，你就可以更準確地表達你的意思。讓我們開始學習吧！

Day 1: Past Participles and Irregular Verbs Table

Q1: What is the past participle of ‘bring’?

We use the past participles of the verbs in perfect tenses. The verb after have/has/had is called the past participle.

我們在完成式中用動詞的過去分詞。在have/has/had 之後的動詞就是過去分詞。

· I have lived in Hong Kong for ten years.

· She had broken the window before I came.

In the above examples, lived and broken are past participles.

The past participles of regular verbs end in -ed. They are the same as their simple past tense forms. For regular verbs, we follow these spelling rules:

規則動詞的過去分詞以 -ed 結尾，與它們的過去式是一樣的。我們跟從以下的串法規則

· Most verbs: Add -ed

e.g., visit à visited; talk à talked

· Verbs ending in –e: Add -d

e.g., dance à danced; live à lived

· Verbs ending in a vowel + consonant: Double the consonant and add -ed

e.g., stop à stopped; plan à planned

· Verbs ending in a consonant + -y: Change y to i and add -ed

e.g., try à tried; marry à married

There are many irregular verbs and their past participles do not end in -ed. There is no fixed pattern for them. You need to learn them by heart (see the table below). You can find a list of irregular verbs in most dictionaries.

不規則動詞的過去分詞不是 -ed 結尾。它們沒有固定形式，你需要熟讀它們（見下表）。你可在大多數字典中找到不規則動詞表。

Let’s see if you know the verb forms in the table.

Chinese Meaning of the Verbs	Base Form	Simple Past	Past Participle
1. 是/在	be	was/were	been
2. 成為	become	became	become
3. 開始	begin	began	begun
4. 打破	break	broke	broken
5. 帶	bring	brought	brought
6. 建立	build	built	built
7. 買	buy	bought	bought
8. 捉住	catch	caught	caught
9. 選擇	choose	chose	chosen
10. 來到	come	came	come
11. 剪; 切	cut	cut	cut
12. 做	do	did	done
13. 畫	draw	drew	drawn
14. 飲	drink	drank	drunk
15. 駕駛	drive	drove	driven
16. 吃	eat	ate	eaten
17. 落下; 跌倒	fall	fell	fallen
18. 感覺	feel	felt	felt
19. 忘記	forget	forgot	forgotten
20. 得到	get	got	got
21. 給予	give	gave	given
22. 去	go	went	gone
23. 擁有	have	had	had
24. 聽到	hear	heard	heard
25. 握著/舉行	hold	held	held
26. 受傷	hurt	hurt	hurt
27. 保持	keep	kept	kept
28. 知道	know	knew	known
29. 學習	learn	learned, learnt	learned, learnt
30. 離開	leave	left	left
31. 允許; 讓	let	let	let
32. 失去	lose	lost	lost
33. 製造	make	made	made
34. 遇到	meet	met	met
35. 付款	pay	paid	paid
36. 放	put	put	put
37. 閱讀	read	read	read
38. 升起	rise	rose	risen
39. 跑	run	ran	run
40. 說話	say	said	said
41. 看見	see	saw	seen
42. 售賣	sell	sold	sold
43. 寄出	send	sent	sent
44. 設置	set	set	set
45. 展示	show	showed	shown
46. 關上	shut	shut	shut
47. 唱歌	sing	sang	sung
48. 坐下	sit	sat	sat
49. 睡覺	sleep	slept	slept
50. 說話	speak	spoke	spoken
51. 花費	spend	spent	spent
52. 站立	stand	stood	stood
53. 偷竊	steal	stole	stolen
54. 游泳	swim	swam	swum
55. 拿	take	took	taken
56. 教導	teach	taught	taught
57. 告訴	tell	told	told
58. 思索	think	thought	thought
59. 投擲	throw	threw	thrown
60. 明白	understand	understood	understood
61. 醒來	wake	woke	woken
62. 穿著	wear	wore	worn
63. 獲勝	win	won	won
64. 書寫	write	wrote	written