Module 4: Other Parts of Speech

Type種類

Usage 用途

Examples

Personal Pronouns

人稱代名詞

It is used to replace the name of a person or thing.

用來代替一個人或物的名字

I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, them

The boy is happy.

He is playing football.

Mary is my best friend.

I like playing with her.

Possessive Pronouns*

人稱代詞擁有格

It is used to show who something belongs to.

用來表示一樣東西是屬於誰人的

mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

The cakes are mine.

The ball is hers.

The Possessive Adjectives (my, our, his, her, their, its, your) can also be categorised as (the genitive case of) Possessive Pronouns.

e.g.: My mother is a hard worker. OR Your dog is fierce.

Reflexive Pronouns

反身代詞

It does the work of an object.

它發揮一個賓語在句子中的作用.

It is used whenever the subject and object of the verb are the same.

每當動詞的主語和賓語是相同便可使用這類代名詞

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

Mary dressed herself quickly.

John and Mary dressed themselves quickly and ran for the school bus.

He cut himself when he was shaving.

A Reflective Pronoun can also be used alongside a subject (pro)noun for emphasis.

反身代詞可以用在名詞或代名詞旁來表示強調

e.g.: I did it myself. OR The little boy telephones his mother himself.

Reciprocal Pronouns

相互代名詞

It does the work of an object

它可以做一個賓語.

It is used only when the subject and object are plural.  只會在主語它和賓語是複數時才使用它.

In this case, the (pro)nouns in the sentence act as subject and object for each other, not for themselves.

這類代名詞是作為對方的主語和賓語而非它們自身

each other, one another

John and Mary love each other. (= John loves Mary and Mary loves John.)

John and Mary dressed each other (= John dressed Mary and Mary dressed John.)

This contrasts with:

John and Mary dressed themselves. (=John dressed himself and Mary dressed herself.)

Demonstrative Pronouns

指示代名詞

It points to the noun in a sentence. 它用來指向句子中的名詞.

Always imagine pointing your finger when you use it. 當你要使用這一類代詞時, 你可以想像是在用手指指著物件

this, that, these, those, such

This is my book.

Those are your books.

Interrogative Pronouns

疑問代名詞

It is used to ask a question. 用來提問

what, when, who, where, whose, which, whom.

Who knows the answer?

What happened to you last night?

Relative Pronouns

關係代名詞

It refers to the noun before it. 用來指示它前面的名詞

It introduces a clause which identifies that noun or adds more information about it. 用來介紹一個確認名詞或為名詞提供更多資料的從句.

what, when, who, where, whose, whom, which, that, as.

The man whom you met yesterday was my uncle.

The books which you bought were cheap.

Indefinite Pronouns

不定式代名詞

It describes something, but without pointing to it. 它形容但沒有明確指示出名詞

It can be either specific or vague. 它可以是特定或含糊

all, both, each, every, any-, some-, no-

i.e. anybody/ anyone…etc.

Her clothes were all wet.

This film is not as good as the one we saw last week.