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Module 6: Sentences and Paragraphs |
6.5 Punctuation and Spelling
Day 4 Spelling of Present and Past Participles 現在分詞和過去分詞
When changing a verb into present participle (-ing form) or past participle (-ed form), we sometimes need to double the last letter but sometimes we do not. There are some spelling rules that can be learned. 當我們要把一個動詞改成現在分詞 (-ing) 或過去分詞 (-ed)，我們有時需要把最後的一個字母雙寫，有時不需要。此外，我們還要牢記一些特別的串字方法。
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Situation |
Example |
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1. Final e is dropped when adding “-ing” or “ed” 以 ‘e’結尾的字要除去‘e’, 然後才 可加“-ing” 或 “ed” |
hope →hoping, love → loving, hope → hoped, love → loved |
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2. We double final “b”, “d”, “g”, “l”, “m”, “n”, “p”, “r” and “t” in words where they
are single consonants
after single 以“b”, “d”, “g”, “l”, “m”, “n”, “p”, “r” 和 “t” ’結尾的字,當它們前一個字母是 元音時, 便要把最後的字母雙寫 |
run → running, sit → sitting stop →stopping, stop → stopped |
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3. With words more than one syllable, we only double the consonant if the final syllable is stressed. 當詞語是多過一個音節, 我們只會把 是重音的最後一個音節的輔音字母雙 寫 |
Stressed final syllable: begin → beginning, upset →upsetting Unstressed final syllable: open → opening, visit → visiting |
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4. When there is more than one vowel before the final consonant, the final consonant is not doubled. 當最後一個音節的輔音字母前有多於 一個的元音時, 我們就不需要把那個 輔音字母雙寫 |
steal → stealing, beat → beating , deal → dealing |
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5. Final “e” is not dropped from words ending in “-ee”, “-oe” or “-ye” 如果詞語是以“-ee”, “-oe” 或 “-ye”結尾, 我們就不用把最後的 ‘e’除去 |
see → seeing, agree → agreeing, dye → dyeing, canoe → canoeing |
However, there are some exceptions(例外) :
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Situation |
Example |
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In British English, we double “l” even though there is more than one syllable and an unstressed final syllable. 在英式英文中, 緃使詞語有多於一個音節,而最後一個音節不是重音, 我們還是會把“l”雙寫, |
travel → travelling, equal → equalled |
Why do we need to double actually? 其實我們為甚麼要把字母雙寫
The reason why we need to double when necessary is to show that a vowel is pronounced short. This is because, in a middle of a word, a stressed vowel letter before one consonant is usually pronounced as a long vowel or as a diphthong (double vowel).
其實我們要把字母雙寫,是因為要顯示要把元音速讀。這是由於在一個字中，一個被讀成重音的元音在一個輔音前是通常被讀成一個長音或一個雙元音的。